Clinical outcomes and survivorship of two-stage total hip or knee arthroplasty in septic arthritis: a retrospective analysis with a minimum five-year follow-up

Purpose Septic arthritis of the native joint is challenging for orthopedic surgeons because it may lead to wide bone defects and severe impairment of joint function. This study aimed to analyze clinical functional outcomes, the rate of infection eradication, and survival of implants of patients who underwent two-stage arthroplasty for septic arthritis of the hip and knee. Methods A retrospective single-centre analysis was conducted of patients treated for septic arthritis of the hip and knee joints through a two-stage surgery between 2012 and 2015. Clinical and radiological records were gathered from the prospectively collected Institutional Arthroplasty Registry. Patients' pre-operative Harris hip scores and Knee Society scores were compared with those obtained at the latest follow-up. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated to assess survival of implants. Results Forty-seven patients were included. The mean follow-up was 85.2 +/- 15.4 months. The Harris hip score improved from 39.4 +/- 9.9 to 84.5 +/- 10.8 points (p < 0.001). The Knee Society score improved from 40.7 +/- 8.4 to 86.0 +/- 7.8 points (p < 0.001). Knee Society score-function increased from 25.7 +/- 14.2 to 85.4 +/- 23.4 points (p < 0.001). The infection eradication rates were 92.0% and 90.9% in patients who underwent hip and knee operation, respectively (p = 0.891). Overall survivorship of implants after the second stage was 93.6%. Conclusions Two-stage arthroplasty provides good to excellent clinical outcomes in cases of active septic arthritis of the hip and the knee, high rates of infection control, and implant survival.