National Prescribing Trends for High-Risk Anticholinergic Medications in Older Adults

ObjectivesTo estimate prescribing tends of and correlates independently associated with high-risk anticholinergic prescriptions in adults aged 65 and older in office-based outpatient visits. DesignRepeated cross-sectional analysis. SettingNational Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS). ParticipantsA national sample of office-based physician visits by adults aged 65 and older from 2006 to 2015 (n=96,996 unweighted). MeasurementsPrescriptions of high-risk anticholinergics, regardless of indication, were identified, and overall prescribing trends were estimated from 2006 to 2015. Stratified analyses of prescribing trends according to physician specialty and anticholinergic drug class were also performed. We used a multivariable logistic regression analysis to estimate the odds of high-risk anticholinergic prescription. ResultsBetween 2006 and 2015, a high-risk anticholinergic prescription was listed for 5,876 (6.2%) 96,996 visits of older adults, representative of 14.6 million total visits nationally. The most common drug classes were antidepressants, antimuscarinics, and antihistamines, which accounted for more than 70% of prescribed anticholinergics. Correlates independently associated with greater odds of receiving a high-risk anticholinergic prescription were female sex, the Southern geographic region, specific physician specialties (e.g., psychiatry, urology), receipt of 6 or more concomitantly prescribed medications, and related clinical diagnoses (e.g., urinary continence) (p<.01 for all). ConclusionThe prevalence of high-risk anticholinergic prescriptions was stable over time but varied according to physician specialty and drug class. Quality prescribing should be promoted because safer alternatives are available.