The combustion of alternative solid fuels in rotary cement kilns, and their handling

The attempt is made to classify the best known alternative solid fuels on the market into different groups according to their physical properties. Their use in firing rotary cement kilns may be partially or totally restricted by economic, technical of legal considerations, and the practical ways in which they can be handled reliably are shown with the aid of flow sheets. Information is also provided about the SYNOPFLAM software project which is currently being developed by Pillard and has the function of early detection of any of the abnormal operating conditions which may occur when alternative fuels are being used and can result in loss of throughput, impairment of quality, or inadmissible overstepping of the emission limits.