Enhancement of biological nutrient removal process with advanced process control tools in full-scale wastewater treatment plant

One of the major challenges in existing WasteWater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) is to comply with the increasingly stringent nutrient discharge limits established by the competent authorities to enhance en-vironmental protection, while keeping operation costs as low as possible. This paper describes the re-sults obtained from upgrading a full-scale WWTP during seven years (2013-2020) applying five different Advanced Process Control (APC) strategies. Results show that implementation of APC and the develop-ment of ammonia-based aeration control, aeration/non-aeration cycles, improved internal/external recir-culation and chemical dosage controls resulted in an improvement in nutrients removal rates ( + 25.48% and + 9.25%, for nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively) and in a reduction (-21.79%) of the specific energy ratio. In addition, the promotion of an Enhanced Biological Phosphorous Removal (EBPR) process by APC resulted in an improvement in biological phosphorous removal ( + 43.90%), chemical savings (-20.0 0%) and nutrient recovery in the dewatered sludge. Molecular biology tools and laboratory batch tests confirmed the Polyphosphate Accumulating Organisms (PAOs) activity, specifically Tetrasphaera genera. Finally, an economic analysis was conducted, showing a rate of return for the incurred capital expenses with the implemented APC systems of about five years, being an affordable alternative to the upgrading existing WWTPs. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.