Active Human and Murine Tumor Necrosis Factor α Cytokines Produced from Silkworm Baculovirus Expression System

Simple Summary Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is widely employed to produce eukaryotic recombinant proteins with desired post-translational modifications. The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) is a promising reagent in treating autoimmunity and cancer diseases. In the current study, we designed to express and purify human and murine TNF alpha proteins in a silkworm larva-based baculovirus expression vector system (silkworm-BEVS). The results demonstrated that the desirable productivity of proteins with similar biological activity was experimentally confirmed. It was revealed that the C-terminal fusion tags negatively impacted their biological activity, as confirmed in the cytotoxicity assay. Taken together, silkworm-BEVS is an alternative platform for supplying high-quality TNF alpha products for various purposes. The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) has been employed as a promising reagent in treating autoimmunity and cancer diseases. To meet the substantial requirement of TNF alpha proteins, we report in this study that mature types of recombinant human and murine TNF alpha proteins are successfully expressed in the baculovirus expression system using silkworm larvae as hosts. The biological activities of purified products were verified in culture murine L929 cells, showing better performance over a commercial Escherichia coli-derived murine TNF alpha. By comparing the activity of purified TNF alpha with or without the tag removal, it is also concluded that the overall activity of purified TNF alpha cytokines could be further improved by the complete removal of C-terminal fusion tags. Collectively, our current attempt demonstrates an alternative platform for supplying high-quality TNF alpha products with excellent activities for further pharmaceutical and clinical trials.