An integrated future approach for the energy security of Pakistan: Replacement of fossil fuels with syngas for better environment and socio-economic development

Energy security necessitates the continuous availability of sufficient supply in different forms at economical prices. Energy security is a priority for states like Pakistan since it is a prerequisite for socioeconomic devel-opment. Pakistan's electricity demand is gradually increasing, and the country is being challenged with signif-icant natural gas supply-demand deficit. Thar fossil fuel reserves, mostly coal reserves will play a critical role in meeting energy needs for decades. This study aimed to provide framework for tapping indigenous alternate energy resources to address growing natural gas crisis in Pakistan for sustainable energy security. This study may aid in understanding the value of oil, energy protection, and natural gas scarcity in Pakistan, the impact of gas shortages on energy security, syngas as a natural gas substitute, syngas production through coal gasification technology, coal gasification as a high-performance low-emission solution, and syngas applications for long-term energy security.