On the optimal choice of the exposure conditions and the nanoparticle features in magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia

Purpose: Two points are particularly relevant for the clinical use of magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia: the optimisation of both the exposure conditions and the magnetic nanoparticle characteristics, and the assessment of the limits of scalability of the treatment. To answer these two points a criterion for the individuation of the magnetic field parameters and of the magnetic nanoparticle features that minimise the therapeutic concentration of nanoparticles to be used in magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia is developed. Methods: The proposed criterion is based on the estimation of the levels of heat generation rate, due to the electromagnetic field, to be supplied to both the cancerous and the neighbouring healthy tissues for achieving the therapeutic heating of the tumour with a desired degree of spatial selectivity. These quantities are determined by exploiting the Pennes bioheat transfer model. Results: The reliability of the criterion has been proven by means of an extensive numerical analysis, performed by considering tumours of spherical shape embedded in tissues of cylindrical shape. Several cases, including tumours of different sizes and position have been considered. Conclusions: By exploiting the proposed criterion a study of the clinical scalability of the therapeutic approach is presented.