The development and application of tube hydroforming technology for precision bellows

Tube hydroforming (THF) products have many advantages such as being lightweight as well as very strong, and stiff. Application of THF has become increasingly popular in recent years. Metal bellows have extensive application in modem industries. They are key components for the production of modem products, and the application of hydroforming technology has always occupied an important role in the manufacture of metal bellows due to its distinguishing features. This paper summarizes a technological review of the precision bellows hydroforming process, from the aspects of FEM simulation to real testing production. The main purpose of this research is to introduce a FEM simulation of the precision bellows hydroforming process and develop a systematic description and discussion, including process design, forming pressure decision, wall thinning analysis, and springback behavior, and real testing production etc. Hope to have attributions on the design, production, and development of hydroforming bellows for the related industry.