Monte Carlo approaches to important problems in radiotherapy dosimetry

被引:0
|
作者
Nahum, AE [1 ]
机构
[1] Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
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中图分类号
Q6 [生物物理学];
学科分类号
071011 ;
摘要
Monte Carlo codes such as EGS4 and MCNP are essential for simulating electron and photon transport in radiotherapy, e.g. Monte Carlo (MC) derived values of the water-to-air stopping-power ratio, S-w/air, are used in all Codes of Practice for absolute dose determination in radiotherapy clinics. Further, MC simulation can compute directly D-med/D-det for a dosimeter. Low gas density in ionisation chambers poses problems for most codes based on condensed history (CH) electron transport. However, combining single- with multiple-scattering, as recently implemented in EGSnrc, enables arbitrarily accurate chamber-response simulations. Monte Carlo can now compute doses in radiotherapy patients with uncertainties of approximate to1% (1 SD) in mm-sized voxels in a few minutes for an electron beam and in <60 min. for photon beams using sub $20000 hardware, thus avoiding approximations previously made for the effect of heterogeneities. In the microdosimetry/track structure field, CH based codes demonstrate depth- and (incident) energy-independent electron (dPhi/dE) per unit dose at low energies, thus explaining the negligible RBE variation over a wide range of low-LET radiations.
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页码:99 / 114
页数:16
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