City: identity and rankings

For cities, and forms of constructing them through history, diverse adjectives, some more and some less justified, have been provided. Nowadays, much is made of the city of knowledge and Of innovation in the evolution of urban forms. It is recognised that many of these expressions remain metaphorical, but it is important to establish the added value generated by a conceptualization of this kind in the field of economic management and the generation of capital gains. Also important is the recognition that the city is something independent and that an improved valuation of a city, in a broad sense, is based on the values provided by its identity, as such, supposed knowledge or innovation should not be overly managed through the media, via globalization, or through forgetting its constituted and constructed historical reality.