Asphalt and asphalt mixes: Characterization for use in embankment dams

The paper provides an overview of the characteristics of asphalts and asphalt mixes of importance to the engineer in the design and rehabilitation of embankment dams. Those characteristics important to the design of upstream facings (and reservoir linings) and internal cores are discussed. For asphalts (and modified binders) their theologic characteristics, primarily time of loading and temperature dependency, are emphasized. For mixes, the characteristics described include: 1. stiffness 2. stability 3. fatigue resistance 4. fracture strength 5. durability 6. permeability For each of these characteristics the effects of mix components on performance are summarized. A brief summary of some of the design considerations for both facings and internal cores based on ICOLD publications is included. Mix characteristics and engineering analyses, based on the material presented in the paper, which can be utilized in the design process are then briefly enumerated.