Activity pattern and personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide in indoor and outdoor microenvironments

被引:81
|
作者
Kornartit, C. [1 ]
Sokhi, R. S. [1 ]
Burton, M. A. [2 ]
Ravindra, Khaiwal [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Hertfordshire, CAIR, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England
[2] Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Life Sci, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England
关键词
Nitrogen dioxide; Indoor and outdoor sources; Gas/electric cooking; Personal exposure; Smokers; NO2/NOx ratio; Time-weighted average modelling; AMBIENT AIR-QUALITY; HUMAN HEALTH; ASTHMATIC-CHILDREN; PARTICULATE MATTER; EUROPEAN CITIES; PASSIVE SMOKING; CARBON-MONOXIDE; FINE PARTICLES; LUNG-FUNCTION; BLACK SMOKE;
D O I
10.1016/j.envint.2009.09.004
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
People are exposed to air pollution from a range of indoor and outdoor sources. Concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which is hazardous to health. can be significant in both types of environments. This paper reports on the measurement and analysis of indoor and outdoor NO2 concentrations and their comparison with measured personal exposure in various microenviromments during winter and summer seasons. Furthermore, the relationship between NO2 personal exposure in various microenvironments and including activities patterns were also studied. Personal, indoor microenvironments and outdoor measurements of NO2 levels were conducted using Palmes tubes for 60 subjects. The results showed significant differences in indoor and outdoor NO2 concentrations in winter but not for summer. In winter, indoor NO2 concentrations were found to be strongly correlated with personal exposure levels. NO2 concentration in houses using a gas cooker was higher in all rooms than those with an electric cooker during the winter campaign, whereas there was no significant difference noticed in summer. The average NO2 levels in kitchens with a gas cooker were twice as high as those with an electric cooker, with no significant difference in the summer period. A time-weighted average personal exposure was calculated and compared with measured personal exposures in various indoor microenvironments (e.g. front doors, bedroom, living room and kitchen); including non-smokers, passive smokers and smoker. The estimated results were closely correlated, but showed some underestimation of the measured personal exposures to NO2 concentrations. Interestingly, for our particular study higher NO2 personal exposure levels were found during summer (14.0 +/- 15) than winter (95 +/- 2.4). (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:36 / 45
页数:10
相关论文
共 50 条
  • [21] Formaldehyde levels in Sweden:: personal exposure, indoor, and outdoor concentrations
    Gustafson, P
    Barregård, L
    Lindahl, R
    Sällstein, G
    JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, 2005, 15 (03): : 252 - 260
  • [22] Formaldehyde levels in Sweden: personal exposure, indoor, and outdoor concentrations
    Pernilla Gustafson
    Lars Barregård
    Roger Lindahl
    Gerd Sällsten
    Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 2005, 15 : 252 - 260
  • [23] Modelling of indoor exposure to nitrogen dioxide in the UK
    Dimitroulopoulou, C
    Ashmore, MR
    Byrne, MA
    Kinnersley, RP
    ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, 2001, 35 (02) : 269 - 279
  • [24] Effect of outdoor and indoor nitrogen dioxide on respiratory symptoms in schoolchildren
    Shima, M
    Adachi, M
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, 2000, 29 (05) : 862 - 870
  • [25] Concentrations and determinants of outdoor, indoor and personal nitrogen dioxide in pregnant women from two Spanish birth cohorts
    Valero, Natalia
    Aguilera, Inmaculada
    Llop, Sabrina
    Esplugues, Ana
    de Nazelle, Audrey
    Ballester, Ferran
    Sunyer, Jordi
    ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL, 2009, 35 (08) : 1196 - 1201
  • [26] A predictive model for the home outdoor exposure to nitrogen dioxide
    Rava, M.
    Verlato, G.
    Bono, R.
    Ponzio, M.
    Sartori, S.
    Blengio, G.
    Kuenzli, N.
    Heinrich, J.
    Goetschi, T.
    de Marco, R.
    SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 2007, 384 (1-3) : 163 - 170
  • [27] Pilot study of personal, indoor and outdoor exposure to benzene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde
    Norbert Gonzalez-Flesca
    André Cicolella
    Matthew Bates
    Emmanuelle Bastin
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1999, 6 : 95 - 102
  • [28] Indoor and outdoor concentrations of air pollutants, and personal exposure in beauty shops
    Song, MR
    Son, BS
    Kim, HS
    Yang, WH
    Chung, YD
    INDOOR AIR 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE, VOLS 1-5, 2005, : 71 - 75
  • [29] Pilot study of personal, indoor and outdoor exposure to benzene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde
    Gonzalez-Flesca, N
    Cicolella, A
    Bates, M
    Bastin, E
    ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH, 1999, 6 (02) : 95 - 102
  • [30] Personal, indoor, and outdoor exposure to VOCs in the immediate vicinity of a local airport
    Jung, Kyung-Hwa
    Artigas, Francisco
    Shin, Jin Young
    ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT, 2011, 173 (1-4) : 555 - 567