Preparation of organic-inorganic hybrid silica monolith with octyl and sulfonic acid groups for capillary electrochromatograhpy and application in determination of theophylline and caffeine in beverage

An organic-inorganic hybrid silica monolithic column with octyl and sulfonic acid groups has been prepared by sol-gel technique for capillary electrochromatograhpy. The structure of hybrid monolith was optimized by changing the composition of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), octyltriethoxysilane (C-8-TEOS) and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) in the mixture of precursors. Then, the obtained hybrid monolith was oxidized using hydrogen peroxide (30%, w/w) to yield sulfonic acid groups. The sulfonic acid group, which served as strong cation-exchanger, dominated the charge on the surface of the capillary column and generated stable electroosmotic flow (EOF) in a wide range of pH. The monolithic column was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and elemental analysis (EA), and the performance of column was evaluated in detail by separating different kinds of compounds with column efficiency up to 155,000 plates/m for thiourea. In addition, this monolithic column was also applied in the analysis of theophylline (TP) and caffeine (CA) in beverages. The detection limits were 0.39 and 0.48 mu g/mL for theophylline and caffeine, respectively. The method reproducibility was tested by evaluating the intra- and inter-clay precisions, and relative standard deviations of less than 3.9 and 8.4%. respectively, were obtained. Recoveries of compounds from spiked beverage samples ranged from 87.2 to 105.2%. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.