Artificial intelligence can increase the detection rate of colorectal polyps and adenomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Colonoscopy is an important method to diagnose polyps, especially adenomatous polyps. However, the rate of missed diagnoses is relatively high. In this study, we aimed to determine whether artificial intelligence (AI) improves the polyp detection rate (PDR) and adenoma detection rate (ADR) with colonoscopy. We performed a systematic search in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases; the search included entries in the databases up to and including 29 February 2020. Five articles that involved a total of 4311 patients fulfilled the selection criteria. The results of these studies showed that both PDR and ADR increased with the assistance of AI compared with those in control groups {pooled odds ratio (OR) = 1.91 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.68-2.16] and 1.75 (95% CI 1.52-2.01), respectively}. Good bowel preparation reduced the impact of AI, but significant differences were still apparent in PDR and ADR [pooled OR = 1.69 (95% CI 1.32-2.16) and 1.36 (95% CI 1.04-1.78), respectively]. The characteristics of polyps and adenomas also influenced the results. The average number of polyps and adenomas detected varied significantly by location, and small polyps and adenomas were more likely to be missed. However, the effect of the morphology of polyps and AI-assisted detection needs further studies. In conclusion, AI increases the detection rates of polyps and adenomas in colonoscopy. Without AI assistance, detection rates can be improved with better bowel preparation and training for small polyp and adenoma detection.