Posttraumatic stress disorder following violence and aggression

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been the focus of considerable attention and some controversy, since it was formally recognized in 1980. The disorder appears to be relatively common among survivors of violent crime, particularly rape victims. In its more serious forms, it is a chronic and disabling psychiatric disorder associated with high comorbidity and impairment of functioning. This article provides a review of PTSD following violence and aggression, beginning with a description of the clinical characteristics and diagnostic criteria. A multifaceted approach to assessment is described designed to improve diagnostic accuracy, with particular reference to psycholegal settings. Psychological treatment for PTSD is discussed in the context of the available outcome literature. Finally, the issue of prevention and early intervention in traumatic stress is addressed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.