Phonon modes and metal-insulator transition in GaN crystals under pressure

Close inspection of experimental results given by Perlin and co-workers [Phys. Status Solidi B 198, 223 (1996); Phys. Rev. B 45, 83 (1992)] shows that three phenomena were observed in that work: optical-phonon shift and splitting under pressures, which can be explained in a symmetry consideration for the Gamma point of hexagonal crystals; inhomogeneous broadening and shift of phonon frequencies due to strain fluctuations which are described in the present paper using Dyson's equation for the phonon Green's function; phonon hardening and decreasing of width in the metal-insulator transition in GaN under pressure of about 22 GPa. The last effect results from the interaction between electrons and optical phonons, but this interaction makes no impact on the line shape (Fano effect). We find that the phonon line shape in semiconductors with small carrier concentration is determined by strain fluctuations or imperfections. Estimates show that the electron-phonon interaction is the reason why optical phonons are not detected in typical metals.