Precipitation Modeling for Extreme Weather Based on Sparse Hybrid Machine Learning and Markov Chain Random Field in a Multi-Scale Subspace

This paper proposes to apply a Markov chain random field conditioning method with a hybrid machine learning method to provide long-range precipitation predictions under increasingly extreme weather conditions. Existing precipitation models are limited in time-span, and long-range simulations cannot predict rainfall distribution for a specific year. This paper proposes a hybrid (ensemble) learning method to perform forecasting on a multi-scaled, conditioned functional time series over a sparse l(1) space. Therefore, on the basis of this method, a long-range prediction algorithm is developed for applications, such as agriculture or construction works. Our findings show that the conditioning method and multi-scale decomposition in the parse space l(1) are proved useful in resisting statistical variation due to increasingly extreme weather conditions. Because the predictions are year-specific, we verify our prediction accuracy for the year we are interested in, but not for other years.