Quantification and representation of potential spatial interactions in the southern Benguela ecosystem

This work explores the potential spatial interactions between 13 key commercial species of the southern Benguela ecosystem: sardine Sardinops sagax, anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus, round herring Etrumeus whiteheadi, horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus capensis, chub mackerel Scomber japonicus, chokka squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii, kingklip Genypterus capensis, Cape hake Merluccius spp., silver kob Argyrosomus inodorus, snoek Thyrsites atun, albacore Thunnus alalunga, bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus and yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares. It is based on distribution maps per species after combining available commercial and research databases. The resulting 78 pairs of potential interactions are quantified using three indices: the overlap in area, the overlap in biomass and the weighted kappa index. From additional information on the diet of the different species and trophic models, the main trophic interactions (predation or competition) were identified and mapped. The results are discussed with regard to methodological limitations, habitat selection, fish assemblages, the need for spatial resolution of trophic models and the ecosystem approach to fishery management.