Analysing Parking Search ('Cruising') Time Using Generalised Multilevel Structural Equation Modelling

The aim of this paper is to identify factors influencing parking search (cruising) time. A revealed-preference on-street parking survey was undertaken with individual drivers in four UK cities to investigate the influence of personal, trip, socio-economic, physical, time-related, and price-related variables on parking search. In order to address the potential endogeneity problems between the factors (for example, parking fee and parking search time) and hierarchical issues in the survey data, a generalised multilevel structural equation model was applied. This revealed that cruising time could be reduced by seeking drivers to pay for parking as a way of improving social welfare.