Evaluation of real-time imaging using a laparoscopic ultrasound probe during operative endoscopic procedures

Objectives To evaluate rigid and flexible ultrasound transducers introduced through a laparoscopic port to image pelvic anatomy during operative endoscopy as a means of mapping the pelvic anatomy, detecting pathology, and for real-time tracking of intra-uterine procedures. Design Prospective, descriptive, non-comparative. Materials and methods Laparoscopy, hysteroscopy and real-time, gray-scale ultrasonography were preformed simultaneously in 36 patients. Laparoscopic ultrasound was performed using 10 mm diameter, 7.5 MHz gray-scale rigid and steerable transducers for imaging of the ovaries and uterus during operative endoscopy (Aloka, Wallingford, CT, USA). All patients underwent intra-operative evaluation using this probe to assess uterine and ovarian structures and to track instruments intra-operatively during complex intra-uterine hysteroscopic procedures and for intra-operative sonohysterography. Results Laparoscopic ultrasound provided visualization of structures and delineation of ovarian anatomy needle placement for tracking microscissors and intra-operative sonohysterography. The ultrasonography provided information useful for determining the configuration of normal anatomic structures, the localization of and more precise incision placement for anatomic abnormalities and for intra-operative guidance during hysteroscopic resection of intra-uterine adhesions. The imaging also provided details of intra-uterine anatomy through sonohysterography performed during chromotubation. However, no additional information regarding ovarian or uterine abnormalities was noted beyond that detected on pre-operative transvaginal ultrasonography. No technical problems were encountered. No additional operative time was required. Conclusions Real-time laparoscopic ultrasound imaging is useful in monitoring complex intra-uterine operative procedures and in detailing intra-uterine anatomy during intra-operative sonohysterography. However, it did not provide more enhanced imaging of ovarian anatomy beyond images obtained with pre-operative transvaginal imaging. This imaging technique may have broad application for a variety of endoscopic operative procedures with the potential to impact on operative decision-making and requires further evaluation.