Bidirectional Resonant CLLC Charger for Wide Battery Voltage Range: Asymmetric Parameters Methodology

The CLLC bidirectional resonant converter has significant potential in battery chargers and dc microgrids, due to its bidirectional power transfer capability. To ensure uniform characteristics for bidirectional operation, secondary <italic>LC</italic> resonant tank components are usually designed to equal the primary <italic>LC</italic> components after reflection. This conventional design method is regarded as the symmetric design. It is used in applications where wide voltage regulation is not required, such as CLLC dc transformers. However, for bidirectional battery charger applications, the battery has a wide voltage range variation, and gain requirements during charging and discharging are different. These asymmetric characteristics could lead to undesirable large switching frequency range if a conventional symmetric CLLC design is employed. To address this issue, a detailed asymmetric parameters methodology (APM) is proposed in this article. It can design gain curves for charging and discharging modes separately. This enables overlapping of the switching frequency range for both modes, thereby reducing the bidirectional frequency range variation. It brings lower switching loss caused by excessive high frequency, and relieve the extra conduction loss and current stress of power switches as well. Finally, a detailed analysis of the proposed APM is provided and validated with simulations and experiments.