Progress and challenges in consolidating the management of Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories

被引:9
|
作者
Gullison, Raymond E. [1 ,2 ]
Hardner, Jared [1 ]
机构
[1] Hardner & Gullison Associates, 15 Woodland Dr, Amherst, NH 03031 USA
[2] Univ British Columbia, Biodivers Res Ctr, 6270 Univ Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
关键词
effectiveness; evaluation; finance; management; tipping point;
D O I
10.1111/cobi.13122
中图分类号
X176 [生物多样性保护];
学科分类号
090705 ;
摘要
Effective management refers to the ability of a protected area or indigenous territory to meet its objectives, particularly as they relate to the protection of biodiversity and forest cover. Effective management is achieved through a process of consolidation, which among other things requires legally protecting sites, integrating sites into land-use planning, developing and implementing management and resource-use plans, and securing long-term funding to pay for recurrent costs. Effectively managing all protected areas and indigenous territories in the Amazon may be needed to avoid a deforestation tipping point beyond which regional climatic feedbacks and global climate change interact to catalyze irreversible drying and savannization of large areas. At present, protected areas and indigenous territories cover 45.5% (3.55 million km(2)) of the Amazon, most of the 60-70% forest cover required to maintain hydrologic and climatic function. Three independent evaluations of a long-term large-scale philanthropic initiative in the Amazon yielded insights into the challenges and advances toward achieving effective management of protected areas and indigenous territories. Over the life of the initiative, management of sites has improved considerably, particularly with respect to management planning and capacity building, but few sites are effectively managed and many lack sufficient long-term financing, adequate governance, support of nongovernmental organizations, and the means to withstand economic pressures. The time and money required to complete consolidation is still poorly understood, but it is clear that philanthropic funding is critical so long as essential funding needs are not met by governments and other sources, which could be on the order of decades. Despite challenges, it is encouraging that legal protection has expanded greatly and management of sites is improving steadily. Management of protected areas in other developing countries could be informed by improvements that have occurred in Amazonian countries. Progreso y Retos en la Consolidacion del Manejo de areas Protegidas y Territorios Indigenas Amazonicos El manejo efectivo se refiere a la habilidad que tiene un area protegida o un territorio indigena para alcanzar sus objetivos, particularmente en como se relacionan con la proteccion de la biodiversidad y la cubierta forestal. El manejo efectivo se logra por medio de un proceso de consolidacion, que entre otras cosas requiere la proteccion legal de los sitios, la integracion de los sitios dentro de la planeacion del uso de suelo, el desarrollo y la implementacion del manejo y los planes de uso de recursos, y asegurar el financiamiento a largo plazo para pagar los costos recurrentes. El manejo efectivo de todas las areas protegidas y los territorios indigenas en el Amazonas puede ser necesario para evitar un punto de inflexion en la deforestacion despues del cual la retroalimentacion climatica regional y el cambio climatico global interactuan para catalizar el secado y la sabanizacion irreversibles en grandes areas. En el presente, las areas protegidas y los territorios indigenas cubren el 45.5% (3.55 millones de km(2)) del Amazonas, la mayoria del 60-70% de cobertura forestal requerida para mantener las funciones hidrologicas y climaticas. Tres evaluaciones independientes de una iniciativa filantropica a largo plazo y a gran escala en el Amazonas otorgaron conocimiento sobre los retos y avances hacia la obtencion del manejo efectivo de las areas protegidas y los territorios indigenas. A lo largo de la vida funcional de la iniciativa, el manejo de los sitios ha mejorado considerablemente, particularmente con respecto a la planeacion del manejo y la construccion de capacidad, pero pocos sitios tienen manejo efectivo y muchos carecen de financiamiento a largo plazo, gobernanza adecuada, apoyo de ONGs, y los medios para sobrellevar las presiones economicas. Todavia se sabe poco sobre el tiempo y el dinero que se requieren para completar la consolidacion, pero esta claro que el financiamiento filantropico es critico mientras las necesidades esenciales de financiamiento no las cumplan el gobierno y otras fuentes, lo cual podria suceder durante decadas. A pesar de estos obstaculos, es alentador que la proteccion legal se haya expandido enormemente y el manejo de sitios este mejorando continuamente. El manejo de las areas protegidas en otros paises en desarrollo podria informarse con las mejoras que han ocurrido en los paises amazonicos. Resumen ?? ????????????????????????, ???????????????????????????????????, ???????????????????????????????????, ??????????????, ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????, ????????, ??????????????????????????????????????????, ????????????????45.5% (355?????), ?????????????60-70%????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????, ?????????????????, ????????????????, ?????????????, ??????????????????????????????, ?????????????????????????????, ????, ??????????????????????, ?????????, ???????????????????????, ??????????????, ???????????????????????????????????????????????????:???;??:???? Article impact statement: Effective management of the Amazon's protected areas and indigenous territories is possible but requires a long-term financial and technical commitment.
引用
收藏
页码:1020 / 1030
页数:11
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