Kinetic analysis of isothermal solid state process for synthesized potassium sodium niobate piezoelectric ceramics

Solid state kinetic models were developed for predicting conversion fraction (alpha), reaction rate (d alpha/dt), kinetic triplet (model f(alpha), frequency factor (A) and activation energy (E-a)) of (K0.5Na0.5) NbO(3)ceramics using thermos-gravimetric analysis data obtained at constant temperature of 900 degrees C. The integral reaction model g(alpha), were evaluated for experimental data and theoretical reaction models. Kinetics of solid state reaction of KNN ceramics was a homogenous nucleation process with one dimensional nuclei growth per particle at constant rate, 2D diffusion controlled reaction mechanism, particles with spherical/cubical shape based on Mapel, JMAEK nucleation, Jander Model and contracting volume model respectively. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.