Does Exercise Improve the Cardiometabolic Risk Profile of Patients with Obesity After Bariatric Surgery? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

We aimed to determine the effects of different exercise types, duration, and onset after bariatric surgery (BS) on cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs). A systematic search was conducted up to July 2021. Eleven studies were identified (n= 618 participants). Overall, exercise induced reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP; - 5.33 mmHg; 95%CI - 8.99, -1.66; p< 0.01). Combined exercises elicited reductions on SBP (- 7.18 mmHg; 95%CI - 12.42, -1.94; p <0.01) and triglycerides (- 17.56 mg/dL; 95%CI - 34.15, - 0.96; p= 0.04). SBP reductions were also observed on interventions starting > 6 months post-BS (- 7.71 mmHg; 95%CI - 13.12, - 2.31; p < 0.01), and on >12-week protocols (- 5.78 mmHg; 95%CI - 9.91, -1.66; p< 0.01). Overall exercise and particularly aerobic plus resistance protocols were an effective therapy to reduce CMRFs post-BS. Benefits were also observed with interventions starting > 6 months post-BS and with> 12-week duration.