Preparation and Characterization of Porous Carbon Composites from Oil-Containing Sludge by a Pyrolysis-Activation Process

Large amounts of oil-containing sludge (OS) are produced in the energy, industry and services sectors. It is mainly composed of residual oil and particulate matter, thus posing an environmental threat and leading to resource depletion if it is improperly handled. In this work, the OS feedstock was thermally treated to produce porously magnetic carbon composites (CC) using a pyrolysis-activation process. Using the data on the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the OS feedstock, the thermal activation experiments were performed at 850 degrees C as a function of residence time (30, 60 and 90 min). The results of pore analysis for the resulting CC products showed that the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area greatly decreased from 21.59 to 0.56 m(2)/g with increasing residence time from 30 to 90 min. This decline could be associated with continuous gasification by CO2, thus causing the removal of limited carbon on the surface of CC for a longer reaction time. Furthermore, the physical properties of the resulting CC products can be enhanced by post acid-washing due to the development of new pores from the leaching-out of inorganic minerals. The BET surface area increased from 21.59 to 40.53 m(2)/g at the residence time of 30 min. Obviously, the resulting CC products were porous materials with mesopores and macropores that were concurrently formed from the thermal activation treatment. These porous features were also observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).