Constructional carbide steels: A review of their fabrication, properties, and application

Data on the chemical compositions, structures, properties, and application of industrial carbide Ferro-TiC (United States) and Ferro-Titanit (Germany) steels, which are fabricated by sintering, are presented. The technologies of obtaining such materials based on the processes of sintering under pressure, namely, hot isostatic pressing (HIP), hot extrusion (HE), and hot stamping (HS) are developed. Using the HIP and HE methods, high-speed steel-TiC composites are produced in pilot scales (UkrNIISpetsstal' and Dneprospetsstal', Zaporozh'e, Ukraine). In Ukraine and Russia, technologies for obtaining the HS-based carbide steel with the use of TiC and Cr(3)C(2) are developed. The prospects for fabrication of new types of composite materials with the use of boron carbide are shown.