Association of PAI-1 4G/5G Polymorphism with Ischemic Stroke in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background/Aim: To investigate the association of the genetic polymorphisms of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) gene with the risk of ischemic stroke (IS) in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods: Using a case-control study design, 175 individuals with T2D and IS were enrolled in the case group and 125 patients with T2D without IS were enrolled as controls. The clinical characteristics of the groups were compared, and genotypes were determined by direct DNA sequencing. Results: Male and hypertensive subjects were higher in the IS group (p=0.002 and 0.014, respectively). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) were lower in the IS group (p=0.011 and 0.025, respectively); hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total homocysteine (tHcy), and FT4 levels were higher in the IS group (p=0.022, 0.003, and 0.008, respectively). The 4G/4G, 4G/5G, and 5G/5G genotype frequencies were 40.0%, 46.4%, and 13.6% in the control group versus 31.4%, 52.0% and 16.6% in the IS group, respectively. Hypertension (odds ratio [OR]=1.953, p=0.020), tHcy (OR=1.059, p=0.029), thyroid-stimulating hormone (OR=0.876, p=0.039), and the PAI-1 genotype dominant allele model (OR=1.748, p=0.047) were associated with IS by multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The PAI-1 genotype dominant allele model was a risk factor for IS in patients with T2DM of Jinan, China.