New class of electrostatic energy analyzers with a cylindrical face-field

A new class of electrostatic energy analyzers based on a cylindrical face-field is presented. The focusing field used is a solution of a Laplace equation del(2) U(R, Z) = 0 with boundary conditions U(R-1, Z) = U(R, 0) = U(R, L) = 0 and U(R-2, Z) = V and restricted by concentric cylindrical surfaces and two flat surfaces perpendicular to the axis of symmetry. Regimes of a second-order focusing were found for different types of sources, including a point-source, an extended surface source of large angular size and a flow parallel to the symmetry axis, while charged particles entered into the analyzer through a face-window arranged in a boundary electrode. Some results are described showing the capability of utilizing the prototype cylindrical face-field-analyzer for distant surface chemistry monitoring. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.