Electrostatic Energy Analyzers

Any electrostatic system with a curved optic axis can potentially serve as an energy analyzer. Several variety of electrostatic analyzer designs are available such as sector field electrostatic energy analyzers and mirror-type electrostatic energy analyzers. In the electrostatic sector field analyzer a narrow slit aperture, defining the small object, and another slit aperture through which electron current was detected, were placed directly at the entrance to the sector field and at the exit from this field. Similar to magnetic sector field analyzers, electrostatic cylindrical sector energy analyzers can be designed with deflecting angles smaller than 127.3° and the object and image plane located in the field-free space. A ninety-degree deflecting spherical energy analyzer accepts a hollow conical beam and focuses particles emitted from a small object, located at the rotation symmetry axis, back to this axis.