A general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulation of outflow formation around rotating black hole

In the universe, several kinds of relativistic jets have been discovered, and it is believed they are formed by violent phenomena near black holes. Despite advancement of observations and black hole physics, their acceleration mechanisms are still mystery. Here we show that relativistic outflow is formed spontaneously by magnetic field near rapidly rotating black hole with numerical simulations. Previous simulations showed electromagnetic energy emission and non-relativistic outflow formation in the black hole magnetosphere, but actual relativistic outflows have not yet been obtained. Present simulation shows magnetic flux tubes oblique to the rotation axis across black hole horizon axe twisted in the shape of screws and propel plasma around the black hole to relativistic regime.