Evaluation and management of recurrent anterior shoulder instability

Objective: To present an organized approach to the assessment and treatment of symptomatic recurrent anterior shoulder instability. Background: Knowledge of the relevant pathology and pathomechanics serves as an excellent foundation for the clinical examination, rehabilitation, and if necessary, surgical intervention for shoulder instability. Description: An algorithm is presented for the initial evaluation of shoulder instability, ie, history, physical examination, and diagnostic studies, followed by modes of treatment such as rehabilitation, modification of biomechanics, and surgical treatment (arthroscopic versus open). Clinical Advantages: Early identification of shoulder instability allows for the timely introduction of treatment principles that may obviate more invasive operative procedures.