Single-layer rubble mound breakwaters

Single layer rubble mound breakwaters are standard practise for a few types of complex concrete armour units such as the Accropode((R)). The reduction in costs compared to traditional double layers may also be achieved by using more simple concrete armour units such as Cubes. Therefore, physical model tests have been performed on single-toplayers with Cubes. Not only the general performance was studied but also the influence of the packing density, the material in the filterlayer, the wave steepness, the water depth at the toe of the structure and the crest elevation. In comparison with double layers the performance of single toplayers of Cubes is remarkably good and considered as a feasible and cost-saving alternative for traditional slope protections.