Management protocol for acute gastric dilatation-volvulus syndrome in dogs

Canine acute gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) is a potentially catastrophic condition in which emergency medical and surgical therapy and intensive postoperative care are needed to optimize the chance of a successful outcome. The events that precede an episode of GDV vary. Clinical features of the disease include restlessness; retching; and abdominal distention, discomfort, and tympany. Initial patient evaluation and treatment should be aimed at determining the degree of cardiovascular compromise and restoration of intravascular deficits by intravenous fluid administration. Dogs with GDV should receive prompt surgical attention to permit gastric decompression, removal of any devitalized tissue (e.g., stomach, spleen), and gastropexy. Intensive postoperative care is essential for dogs recovering from surgery for GDV. The majority of animals will recover without complications. Some animals, however,will develop potentially life-threatening complications. Although GDV is a challenge to treat, a good survival rate can be achieved.