Caste at work: study of factors influencing attitudes toward affirmative action in India

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the relevance of caste identity in applied settings. The authors do this within the larger framework of affirmative action programs (AAPs) or "reservations" in India. The paper explores the interplay of a primordial identity like caste with the modern institutions representing equality - a context unique to India. Design/methodology/approach The paper reports the findings of two experimental studies collecting data using Mechanical Turk. Findings The first study finds that an individual hired under the AAP is perceived poorly on his/her competence and reward worthiness. The second study finds support for the influence of an individual's conception of modern casteism and his/her caste identity as factors in shaping attitudes toward AAP. Social implications The paper underscores the continuing relevance of caste in modern India and the negative perceptions of lower castes. The paper finds that individuals with an appreciation of the subtle forms of casteism are sympathetic to programs that promote social equality. In modern social contexts this nuanced operationalization of casteism can be a relevant indicator of caste dynamics. Originality/value This is the first empirical study to examine caste-based AAP in India in an applied study and unpacks the psychological underpinnings of the attitudes toward AAP.