Impact of Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Implant Stability and Bone Biomarkers

Purpose: To evaluate initial implant stability and initial healing around newly placed dental implants in well-controlled type 2 diabetes patients. Materials and Methods: Forty patients requiring implant therapy comprising 15 nondiabetic and 25 diabetic patients were recruited for this prospective study. Implant stability quotient and bone biomarkers such as osteopontin, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand, and interleukin 8 were evaluated at baseline and 1 and 3 months using Osstell Mentor and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Results: Mean implant stability quotient values showed a statistically significant difference at each interval in both of the groups except between 1 and 3 months in the diabetic group. The percentage increase in implant stability quotient values was more in the nondiabetic (14.2%) than in the diabetic group (6.03%) from 1 to 3 months. Significant variations were observed in all three bone biomarkers between baseline and 3 months at P < .002 in both groups. In the diabetic group, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand showed a higher reduction from baseline to 3 months, whereas interleukin 8 showed a less significant decrease between baseline and 1 month. Changes in correlation between implant stability and bone biomarkers were noted in the initial period of healing between the two groups. Conclusion: Variations in the pattern of response of osteopontin, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand, interleukin 8, and initial implant stability are noted in well-controlled diabetic individuals.