An Analysis of Hard Landing Incidents Based on Flight QAR Data

Hard landing is one kind of typical landing incidents that can cause passenger discomfort, aircraft damage and even loss of life. This paper aimed to find out flight performance and operation features of hard landing incidents by using the methods of variance analysis, regression modeling and flare operation analysis based on flight QAR data. Results showed that pilots need to control the aircraft to an appropriate groundspeed and descent rate before descending to the flare initial point. Then control column and throttle operation in flare maneuver would affect landing performance conjointly. The logistic model showed that the vertical load of touching ground was actually linked with touchdown attitude and configuration closely, including three variables of pitch angle, roll angle and flap degree. These findings were expected to be applied in practice to prevent hard landing incidents and even landing accidents.