A multi-objective formulation for the closed-loop plastic supply chain under uncertainty

Supply risk is one of the undeniable risks in a supply chain that can affect the supply chain process and lead to disruptions in customer satisfaction or distributor reliability. This research employs a closed-loop supply chain network for the plastic bottle industry, followed by formulating a multi-objective mathematical model by considering several assumptions. The model seeks to optimize total costs, supply risk, and customers' satisfaction (distributor's reliability). The revised multi-choice goal programming approach is also applied to solve the model and verify it through a case study. Moreover, the best-worst method as a robust multi-criteria decision-making tool is used to find the values of the parameters of supply risk. Afterward, the sensitivity analysis checks the proposed framework's robustness and shows its reaction under various conditions. Our results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed framework and offer insights that can be used to improve an organization's status.