Evaluation of Antimicrobial Potency of Tinospora cordifolia on Subgingival Microbiota: An In-vitro Study

Introduction: Tinospora cordifolia (Tc), a well-known ayurvedic herb commonly known as giloy, has demonstrated multifaceted benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial and antioxidant properties, in animal, as well as, in-vitro studies. All these are properties which can be collectively applied in the management of periodontal conditions which demonstrate infective as well as inflammatory facets. But prior to its applications as such, it is necessary to definitively determine the optimal concentration and mode of application of the medication. Aim: To evaluate the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of Tc on general subgingival microbiota. Materials and Methods: The in-vitro, analytical study was conducted in Krishnadevaraya Dental College and Hospital for duration of two and half months starting from November 2021 to January 2022. Ethanolic extracts of Tc were prepared in serial dilutions. Subgingival plaque samples of 12 chronic periodontitis patients were collected, cultured on Brain heart infusion agar and subject to serial dilutions of Tc. In-vitro antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extracts was assessed using agar well diffusion method with Chlorhexidine (CHX) as positive control and Dim ethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as negative control, MIC and MBC were determined based on the zones of inhibition after 48 hours of anaerobic incubation. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for windows version 22.0 was used to perform statistical analyses. Results: MIC of Tc was noted to be 100mg/ml where the maximum zone of inhibition was 11.42 mm. MBC was noted at a concentration of 25 mg/mL. The zones of inhibition at these concentrations was comparable to the CHX. The difference in the diameter of the zones produced by Tc, DMSO/Saline and CHX were statistically significant. Conclusion: Although CHX remains the gold standard, Tc extract has significant antimicrobial activities and can be considered for further clinical trials.