Transcription regulation of erythroid-specific genes as well as erythroid-specific transcription factors and their role in erythropoiesis are described on the basis of published data and the information accumulated in the erythroid-specific gene database (ESG-TRRD). The structural organization of locus-controlling regions of alpha- and beta-globin genes is presented. The mechanisms of tissue- and stage-specific regulation of globin gene transcription are discussed.