Dose-response study of 22-oxacalcitriol in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism

The dose-response relationships and the safety of administering 22-oxacalcitriol (OCT) to patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (2HPT) under regular three-times-weekly hemodialysis (HD) were evaluated by double-blind parallel group design. A total of 203 patients with 2HPT were randomly allocated into four groups, and 5 mug (Group L), 10 mug (Group M), or 15 mug (Group H) OCT, or placebo (Group P) was administrated at the end of every HD for 12 weeks. Reductions of intact-parathyroid hormone (iPTH) concentration greater than 30% from baseline were observed in 7.7% of Group P as compared to 77.3% of the pooled OCT groups after 12 weeks of treatment (Mantel test: P<0.001). Time-trends (slopes) of log-iPTH concentration calculated by least-squares line fitting to each patient's data during treatment differed between Group P and the pooled OCT groups (t-test: P < 0.001) and these iPTH slopes decreased dose-dependently (linear trend by t-test: P < 0.001). Slopes of serum calcium corrected for albumin (corrected-sCa) concentrations also differed between Group P and the pooled OCT groups (t-test: P < 0.001), and increased dose-dependently (linear trend by t-test: P < 0.0001). Serum phosphorus and Ca x P product increased significantly only in high dose groups. Slopes of log(iPTH) and corrected-sCa concentrations were reciprocally related. Most adverse events were hypercalcemia and dose-related, but occasionally comprised pruritus or increased serum creatinine phosphokinase. These results indicate that OCT produced a strong and dose-dependent suppression of PTH and an increase of corrected-sCa concentration in patients with 2HPT. The recommended initial dosages of OCT would appear to be 5 mug when pretreatment iPTH concentrations are less than 500 pg/mL, and 10 mug when greater than 500 pg/mL for safe and effective treatment. As in the case of PTH, calcium and phosphorus showed dose-dependent increases. It is therefore essential to take precautions as to possible increases in calcium and phosphorus.