Disassembly and reassembly of diphenylalanine crystals through evaporation of solvent

Hypothesis: Crystalline self-assemblies of diphenylalanine (FF) are since long back considered to be related to Alzheimer's disease. An improved understanding of the mechanism behind the formation of such structures can lead to strategies for investigating the dynamic processes of assembly and disassembly of FF. Experiment: The assembly, disassembly and reassembly of FF crystals are influenced by the solvent composition and can be triggered by evaporation of solvent. In this work these processes are directly monitored, and the structures obtained are analyzed. Findings: The role of the solvent for assembly, disassembly and reassembly of diphenylalanine crystals has been demonstrated. The initial crystal structure formed via self-assembly of FF monomers can be transformed into needle-like crystals and further to hollow hexagonal microtubes through evaporation of the solvent. It is shown that all the assembly-disassembly processes are spontaneous and driven by thermodynamics. It is also found that some of the crystalline structures exhibit optical waveguiding properties. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.