Adaptive Multi-Band Negative-Group-Delay RF Circuits With Low Reflection

Two classes of frequency-reconfigurable multi-band negative-group-delay (NGD) circuit networks that feature low-input-power-reflection capabilities are reported. They consist of lossy-complementary-diplexer architectures, in which the NGD properties are obtained within the stopband regions of their lossy multi-band bandstop-filter (BSF) channel. Their complementary lossy multi-band bandpass-filter (BPF) branch absorbs in its terminating resistor the RF-input-signal energy that is not transmitted by the lossy multi-band BSF channel within its stopbands. In this manner, the input-reflectionless/absorptive behavior is realized. The theoretical foundations of the devised lossy-multi-band-BSF-based NGD structures using a coupling-routing-diagram formalism and single-to-multi-band admittance transformations are described. For the first-order case as illustration, guidelines for the synthesis in the bandpass frequency domain are provided. Furthermore, the extension of these multi-band NGD approaches to higher-order and in-series-cascade multi-stage realizations for more-general and wider-band NGD patterning, as well as to two-port/symmetrical designs, is shown. In addition, the conception of multi-functional passive components with NGD characteristics, such as wide-band BPFs and power directional couplers with embedded NGD regions, is also addressed. For experimental-demonstration purposes, an electronically-reconfigurable microstrip prototype of a two-stage-in-series-cascade dual-band NGD circuit is manufactured and measured.