How to Design Digitalized Laboratories? Lessons Learned from Implementing Virtual and Remote Labs

This contribution is showing ways to overcome issues on the way to digitalized laboratories in engineering education. The results presented in this paper were gained throughout a long-term study: 10 different laboratories were surveyed over a time period of 8 years. A non-standardized survey method was chosen for this evaluation, including a semi-structured guideline with open questions developed during several phases of pre-testing. The didactics and technical concepts of the laboratories are addressed, as well as challenges encountered during implementation and operation. Key findings of the whole study were identified by looking at didactical setups, technical aspects, and project managing topics. Although some aspects of hands-on experiments on-site were easily conveyed into virtual or remote laboratories, others needed to overcome severe impairments. However, personal commitment and financial support were identified as important success factors. By addressing original learning objectives as well as technical challenges that arose during set-up and digitalization of the laboratories, the results of this contribution clearly emphasize the connection between didactical purposes and technical realization. In some cases, both virtual and remote laboratories needed additional assistance in rephrasing learning objectives and adapting them throughout the process.