Valvular involvement in granulomatosis with polyangiitis: Case report and systematic review of literature

BackgroundGranulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a systemic inflammatory condition; however, patients with GPA rarely experience endocardial valve lesions. MethodsWe report a GPA case with tricuspid valve destruction together with a systematic review to highlight the characteristics of all previously reported GPA cases with valvular involvement. ResultsAmong 36 cases included, the aortic valve was involved in 15 (41.7%) cases while the mitral valve was involved in 9 (25%) subjects. Combined lesion of both aortic and mitral valves was reported in 9 (25%) patients. ConclusionWe recommend routine echocardiography examination to rule out any cardiac valve lesion once GPA is suspected.