The cross-national epidemiology of specific phobia in the World Mental Health Surveys

被引:0
|
作者
Wardenaar, K. J. [1 ]
Lim, C. C. W. [2 ]
Al-Hamzawi, A. O. [3 ]
Alonso, J. [4 ]
Andrade, L. H. [5 ]
Benjet, C. [6 ]
Bunting, B. [7 ]
de Girolamo, G. [8 ]
Demyttenaere, K. [9 ]
Florescu, S. E. [10 ]
Gureje, O. [11 ]
Hisateru, T. [12 ]
Hu, C. [13 ,14 ]
Huang, Y. [15 ]
Karam, E. [16 ]
Kiejna, A. [17 ]
Lepine, J. P. [18 ,19 ]
Navarro-Mateu, F. [20 ]
Oakley Browne, M. [21 ]
Piazza, M. [22 ]
Posada-Villa, J. [23 ,24 ]
ten Have, M. L. [25 ]
Torres, Y. [26 ]
Xavier, M. [27 ]
Zarkov, Z. [28 ]
Kessler, R. C. [29 ]
Scott, K. M. [2 ]
de Jonge, P. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Interdisciplinary Ctr Psychopathol & Emot Regulat, Dept Psychiat, Groningen, Netherlands
[2] Univ Otago, Dunedin Sch Med, Dept Psychol Med, Dunedin, New Zealand
[3] Al Qadisiya Univ, Coll Med, Al Diwaniya City, Iraq
[4] Hosp Mar, Inst Recerca, Inst Hosp Mar Invest Med, Hlth Serv Res Unit, Barcelona, Spain
[5] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Inst Psychiat, Med Sch, Sao Paulo, Brazil
[6] Natl Inst Psychiat Ramon de la Fuente, Dept Epidemiol & Psychosocial Res, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
[7] Ulster Univ, Psychol Res Inst, Coleraine, Londonderry, North Ireland
[8] IRCCS Ctr S Giovanni Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
[9] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Univ Hosp Gasthuisberg, Dept Psychiat, Leuven, Belgium
[10] Natl Sch Publ Hlth Management & Profess Dev, Bucharest, Romania
[11] Univ Ibadan, Univ Coll Hosp, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Ibadan, Nigeria
[12] Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Natl Inst Mental Hlth, Tokyo, Japan
[13] Shenzhen Inst Mental Hlth, Shenzhen, Guangdong, Peoples R China
[14] Shenzhen Kangning Hosp, Shenzhen, Guangdong, Peoples R China
[15] Peking Univ, Inst Mental Hlth, Beijing, Peoples R China
[16] Balamand Univ, Inst Dev, Res, St George Hosp,Univ Med Ctr, Beirut, Lebanon
[17] Wroclaw Med Univ, Dept Psychiat, Wroclaw, Poland
[18] Paris Diderot Univ, INSERM, UMR S 1144, Hop Lariboisiere Fernand Widal,AP HP, Paris, France
[19] Paris Descartes Univ, Paris, France
[20] Inst Murciano Invest Biosanitaria IMIB Arrixaca, CIBERESP Murcia, Subdirecc Gen Salud Mental & Asistencia Psiquiatr, Serv Murciano Salud, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
[21] Monash Univ, Dept Psychiat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
[22] Natl Inst Hlth, Lima, Peru
[23] Univ Cayetano Hereidia, St Martin De Porres, Peru
[24] El Bosque Univ, Bogota, Colombia
[25] Netherlands Inst Mental Hlth & Addict, Trimbos Inst, Utrecht, Netherlands
[26] CES Univ, Ctr Excellence Res Mental Hlth, Medellin, Colombia
[27] Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias Med, Nova Fac Ciencias Med, Lisbon, Portugal
[28] Natl Ctr Publ Hlth & Analyses, Directorate Mental Hlth, Sofia, Bulgaria
[29] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA
基金
巴西圣保罗研究基金会;
关键词
Co-morbidity; cross-national studies; epidemiology; impairment; specific phobia; PRIMARY ANXIETY DISORDERS; R PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; IV SPECIFIC PHOBIA; GENERAL-POPULATION; LIFETIME PREVALENCE; TREATMENT CONTACT; UNITED-STATES; ALCOHOL; ONSET; ADOLESCENTS;
D O I
10.1017/S0033291717000174
中图分类号
B849 [应用心理学];
学科分类号
040203 ;
摘要
Background. Although specific phobia is highly prevalent, associated with impairment, and an important risk factor for the development of other mental disorders, cross-national epidemiological data are scarce, especially from low- and middle-income countries. This paper presents epidemiological data from 22 low-, lower-middle-, upper-middle- and high-income countries. Method. Data came from 25 representative population-based surveys conducted in 22 countries (2001-2011) as part of the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys initiative (n = 124 902). The presence of specific phobia as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition was evaluated using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results. The cross-national lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates of specific phobia were, respectively, 7.4% and 5.5%, being higher in females (9.8 and 7.7%) than in males (4.9% and 3.3%) and higher in high- and higher-middle-income countries than in low-/lower-middle-income countries. The median age of onset was young (8 years). Of the 12-month patients, 18.7% reported severe role impairment (13.3-21.9% across income groups) and 23.1% reported any treatment (9.6-30.1% across income groups). Lifetime co-morbidity was observed in 60.5% of those with lifetime specific phobia, with the onset of specific phobia preceding the other disorder in most cases (72.6%). Interestingly, rates of impairment, treatment use and co-morbidity increased with the number of fear subtypes. Conclusions. Specific phobia is common and associated with impairment in a considerable percentage of cases. Importantly, specific phobia often precedes the onset of other mental disorders, making it a possible early-life indicator of psychopathology vulnerability.
引用
收藏
页码:1744 / 1760
页数:17
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