Leak detection and leak location in underground pipelines

The use of passive acoustic techniques to detect and locate leaks in underground pipelines that carry pressurized liquids is being investigated in a joint research program between the Department of Defense (DoD), the Department of Energy (DOE), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Acoustic techniques permit more cost-effective, timely, and accurate leak detection and location than currently established techniques, such as methodologies based on volumetric changes and others based on pressure loss. AII experimental facility for determining the capabilities and limitations of improved leak detection and leak location methods based on advanced acoustic principles is being developed at the EPA's research facility in Edison, New Jersey. Four representative pipeline systems will be installed and evaluated: one typical of the petrochemical industry, one typical of a navy/airforce hydrant refueling system, one typical of an army central heating system, and a fourth typical of pipelines associated with low-level liquid wastes at DOE facilities. Results of acoustic experiments on an existing 2-inch-diameter test line have indicated that the fundamental theory behind passive acoustic leak detection and location is solid. Several different acoustic leak detection and location methods have been explored to date; data have been produced by all of the techniques, proving their usefulness.