Nitrogen use efficiency: A potential performance indicator and policy tool for dairy farms

被引：147
|
作者：
Powell, J. M. [1 ]
Gourley, C. J. P. [2 ]
Rotz, C. A. [3 ]
Weaver, D. M. [4 ]
机构：
[1] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA
[2] Dept Primary Ind, Ellinbank, Vic 3821, Australia
[3] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA
[4] Dept Agr & Food, Albany, WA 6330, Australia
来源：
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY | 2010年 / 13卷 / 03期
关键词：
Manure; Nitrate leaching; Ammonia volatilization; Nitrous oxide; Environmental impact; DIETARY CRUDE PROTEIN; MILK UREA NITROGEN; NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT; WISCONSIN; PHOSPHORUS; LOSSES; COWS; COLLECTION; EXCRETION; IMPACTS;
D O I：
10.1016/j.envsci.2010.03.007
中图分类号：
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号：
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要：
Escalating fertilizer and feed costs, declining product prices, and increasing regulations to reduce environmental pollution have created new pressures to improve nutrient use in agricultural production. This study provides an overview of factors and processes that impact nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in dairy production, identifies practices that may bridge gaps between actual-NUE obtained on commercial farms and potential-NUE obtained under experimental conditions, and explores the possibility of using NUE as a performance indicator and policy tool for dairy production. Actual feed-NUE varies from 16% to 36% and is impacted by of a range of dairy practices; manure/fertilizer-NUE varies from 16% to 77% and is very site-specific; and whole-farm NUE varies from 8% to 64% and declines as stocking rates increase. Optimal stocking rate and manure nitrogen (N) crediting can enhance NUE, increase farm profits, and reduce N loss from dairy farms. NUE could be used to further engage dairy producers in collaborative assessments of gaps between their actual N use and the biological potential of N use, to develop performance goals for N use in various production components, and to monitor and evaluate the impacts of alternative feed, manure and fertilizer management practices on N use, profitability, and environmental outcomes. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
引用
收藏
页码：217 / 228
页数：12
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