Comparative analysis of hybrid fractal antennas: A review

The comprehensive review of hybrid fractal antenna (HFA) has been presented in this article. Distinguished researchers have designed, analyzed, and investigated numerous types of HFA's as per the requirement of the market. Firstly, it gives introduction about the fractal antennas (FAs) along with the need of integration of the fractal geometries then research motivation. The extensive literature survey has been divided into three different parts as, fusion of same type of fractal geometries, amalgamation of two distinct fractal geometries and concoction of three different fractal geometries, further, the comparative analysis among these HFA's has been made on the basis of their size, geometries used for designing, number of resonant frequency bands, gain, bandwidth, radiation efficiency, circular polarization, and their applications. The juxtaposition among different HFA's has also been delineated in tabular form for more limpidity along with the findings of individual research article. The challenges faced by researchers while designing the antennas are also being portrayed in this article. This review may be supportive for the novices to carry out their research on HFA as such type of comparative analysis on HFA's is not existing in the open state of art literature as per best of authors knowledge.