[1] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Gerontol, Boston, MA 02125 USA
[2] Shu Te Univ, Dept Recreat & Sport Management, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
[3] Shih Hsin Univ, Dept Econ, Taipei 116, Taiwan
[4] Natl Ilan Univ, Dept Leisure Ind & Hlth Promot, Yilan City 260, Yilan County, Taiwan
[5] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Phys Educ & Sport Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan
[6] Ming Chuan Univ, Phys Educ Off, Taipei 111, Taiwan
[7] Fu Jen Catholic Univ, Dept Phys Educ, 510 Zhongzheng Rd, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan
[8] Fu Jen Catholic Univ, Coll Educ, Res & Dev Ctr Phys Educ Hlth & Informat Technol, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan
[9] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Kinesiol, Hsinchu 30014, Taiwan