Cement augmentation and bone graft substitutes-Materials and biomechanics

Background Materials with different characteristics are used for cement augmentation and as bone graft substitutes. Objective Cement augmentation and bone graft substitutes are the subject of current research. The evaluation of new knowledge allows its specific application. Material and methods Selective literature search and outline of experimental research results on cement augmentation and bone graft substitutes. Results Augmentation and bone graft substitutes are essential components of current trauma surgical procedures. Despite intensive research all materials have specific disadvantages. Cement augmentation of implants enhances not only the anchorage but also influences the failure mode. Conclusion Cement augmentation has large potential especially in osteoporotic bone. In load-bearing regions acrylic-based cements remain the standard of choice. Ceramic cements are preferred in non-load-bearing areas. Their combination with resorbable metals offers still largely unexplored potential. Virtual biomechanics can help improve the targeted application of cement augmentation.